Smoki Musaraj

The Ponzi Archive

← Research

Populli’ season’s greeting, 1997

Explore the gallery of pyramid ads

Between 1993-1997, pyramid firms advertised their business activities in local newspapers, on TV, and at cultural events. The firms represented themselves as the trailblazers of emerging capitalism.

Pyramid Media Art

Gendered Representations

When they began to collapse, the firms were represented as fraudulent magicians. The figure of Maksude Kadena, the only woman owner of a pyramid firm, became a local and international icon of fraud.

A credit contract (kontrate huaje) from a pyramid firm

Pyramid Firms Loan Contracts

Some of the firms issued credit contracts to investors, signed in the presence of a notary public.